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The Appraisal of Magnesium Absorption in Different Soil Depths Using Compost Leachate

554-558Full Text

Ali Gholami*, Hadis Rezaei Mirghaed, Azadeh Shehni and Shahram Ahmadi

Abstract
Urban development and wrong patterns of consumption have increased the household and garbage. Their potential in producing compost leachate is so high due to high moisture found in them. It has floating organic materials and nutrients. This study in order to evaluate the effect of using Compost leachate on the density of soil Magnesium in form of a statistical pattern called ''Split Plot '' by using two main treatments, one subsidiary treatment and three repetitions of the pattern in a three month period. The main W treatments include: irrigation using well water as a blank treatment and the main L treatments include: irrigation using leachate and well water concurrently. Some subsidiary treatments were S0 (Drop Irrigation) and S1 (Sub Drop Irrigation). Then in the established plots, 36 biannual pine and cypress shrubs were randomly grown. Two months later the treatment begins. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between blank treatments and rotation treatments regarding the pH in the first level of Duncan test. Also there was an increase in Magnesium absorbency of the soil which was in regard to the added amount of Leachate. Later on after using leachate the average pH was decreased equal to 0.46 and also the average of Mn in the soil show an increase in the range of 10.29 mg/kg. Anyway the density of soil Mn in each period was more than past periods. By using leachate and a decrease in the soil pH, there was a significant increase in the soil Magnesium absorbency relation to blank treatment.

The Study of behavioral financial effect on Investors Behavior

559-564Full Text

Zeinab Rezaei

Abstract
Research in behavioral finance is relatively new. Within behavioral finance it is assumed that information structure and the characteristics of market participants systematically influence individuals’ investment decisions as well as market outcomes. According to behavioral finance, investor market behavior derives from psychological principles of decision making to explain why people buy or sell stocks. The research we have done was on the topic ―Factors Influencing the Individual Investor Behavior‖.The behavioral finance revolution in academic finance in the last several decades is best described as a return to a more eclectic approach to financial modeling. The earlier neoclassical finance revolution that had swept the finance profession in the 1960s and 1970s represented the overlyenthusiastic pursuit of only one model. Freed from the tyranny of just one model, financial research is now making faster progress, and that progress can be expected to show material benefits. An example of the application of both behavioral finance and neoclassical finance is discussed: the reform of Social Security and the introduction of personal accounts. The current state of research from the efficient market and behavioral perspectives therefore suggests that an inclusive and diverse approach in the choice of theoretical explanations of the behavior of financial markets will be the pragmatic response to the inconclusive results on either side of the debate. While, on the one hand, investors are not making large sums of money from market anomalies, not many people will disagree that the stock market bubble burst of 2000 or in 2008 is better explained by hubris and irrational exuberance grounded in behavioral finance than by the efficient markets theory.

The Effect of Bactocell and Protexin Probiotics on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

565-570Full Text

S. Habibi, S. Khojasteh* and M. Jafari

Abstract
To investigate the effect of bactocell and protexin probiotics on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized design with 3 treatments in 4 replicates and 25 day old female cobb 500 broiler chickens for each replicate for fortytwo days. Treatments include: 1-Control diet (without probiotics), 2-Control diet containing bactocell probiotic, 3-Control diet containing protexin probiotic.Traits major were feed intake ,weight gain, feed conversion ratio, percent of mortality, carcass characteristics and total cost of nutrition were measured at the end of 42 days.The results of this study indicated that feed consumption of control diet was higher but, the highest body weight gain was related to probiotics specially bactocell treated. Also, the best feed conversion ratio belonged to probiotic treated with bactocell and control treatment had the highest percentage of mortality.The results of carcass characteristics indicated that the treatment containing bactocell probiotic has the highest percentage of carcass efficiency and control treatment is the minimum. The highest percentage of abdominal fat related to protexin probiotic and the lowest it is related to treatment containing bactocell probiotic. The highest percentage relative liver related to control treatment and the lowest is related to treatment containing bactocell probiotic. Also, the highest percentage relative breast, thigh, neck and wing and shulder was observed in treatment containing bactocell probiotic. The percentage of relative gizzard between treatments was not significant and finally the lowest feed cost per kg of body weight was observed in the group containing bactocell probiotic.

An application of the Romberg Extrapolation on Modified Trapezoidal Quadrature method for solving linear Volterra Integral Equations of the second type

571-578Full Text

Ahmadreza Haghighi and Ayub Abedini Kabdool*

Abstract
In this article we have used modified trapezoidal quadrature method to solve the Volterra integral equation (VIE) of the second type. Using Romberg extrapolation, the speed and accuracy of the approximations obtained for the integral equation will be improved. The calculated results are compared to results from the trapezoidal quadrature method.

Influencing dimensions of entrepreneurship on economic empowerment of Women's cooperatives in Sari County, Iran

579-583Full Text

Gholamreza Dinpanah* and Ali Javanmard

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine effect of dimensions of entrepreneurship on economic empowerment of women's cooperatives. The research population consisted of 123 women member cooperative in Sari County, Iran. The methodological approach of this study was descriptivecorrelative. Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members and research committee advisors. Reliability analysis was conducted by using Cronbach alpha formula and result was 0.81. The results showed that 6.5, 49.6 and 43.9 percent of women expressed that their economic empowerment were weak, moderate and good respectively. Also the results of the multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) revealed that motivation of progress, creativity, selfreliance and internal control explained 37.3 percent of variation of economic empowerment.

Antibacterial activity of Cassia angustifolia Extract Against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

584-586Full Text

Zakaria Bameri, Negar Amini-Boroujeni, Saeide Saeidi*, Saphora Bazi

Abstract
Medicinal plants play a major role in all the traditional system of medicine and contain the rich source of natural products. Most of which have been used for human welfare especially to cure disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms without any side effects. The present study was carried out to determine the potential antibacterial agent of extracts Cassia angustifolia against some human pathogenic bacteria .The antimicrobial effect of methanol and ethanol extracts of Cassia angustifolia on pathogenic bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella shinga were determined using broth microdiluation method.The result show that, the MIC value of leaf methanol extract of Cassia angustifolia exhibited stronger activity against K. pneumoniae (MIC: 0.62mg/ml). From these findings it is indicative that Cassia angustifolia may have antibacterial principles that could be useful in microbial diseases.

Factors affecting the development of urban sports with an emphasis on Isfahan urban bike stations

587-590Full Text

Behzad Poorfarahmand*, Davood Nasr Esfahani, Sedigheh Soroush and Aida Azadi

Abstract
The aim of the present study is Factors affecting the development of urban sports with an emphasis on Isfahan urban bike stations. The present study is a descriptive applied research study. Sample population of the study is those who use public city bicycles in Isfahan city in 2012. This number of population was estimated by using statistical formulas and 195 people were obtained. Measuring tool was questionnaire which was made by the researcher .its validity and reliability was tested (cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, 0.81). This questionnaire includes five parts, 43 questions. To analyzeobtained data SPSS software version 11 was applied, to describe the respondents view, average and percentage and to Hypothesis testing one variable T-test statistical test was used.Results indicated that security and safety of bicycle route, attractiveness of the route and cultural issues affect on amount of bicycle using (P=0.01); According to one variable t-test other variables of the study like: consciousness of the citizens about the effect of using bicycle and physical activity, quality of bicycles , having bicycle tournaments, distance between destination and bicycle stations has no effect on amount of bicycle using.

Internet theft, a new manifestation of delinquency

591-593Full Text

Fatemeh Noori

Abstract
One of newfound issues that engage our society is internet and its crimes and the number of offenders is growing rapidly. One of these crimes is internet theft and offenders of these crimes are able to seek different ways in order to acquit and escape from regulations because of current weakness of the law. In this paper, hack which is one of newfound thefts is studied and following questions will be answered: whether internet theft is as same as physical theft, whether or not data are subjected to properties, whether or not punishment of breaking site lock is as same as theft penalty namely hand amputation.

Stability of Seedless Red grape anthocyanin under the effect of Chlorogenic acid copigment, heating and UV irradiation

594-597Full Text

Elham Ghasemifar*, Shahriar Saeidian and Parisa Setareh

Abstract
Copigments are colourless substances which can form a coloured cluster with anthocyanins. The colour changes in fruits, vegetables and flowers may be caused by these reactions between anthocyanins and various organic compounds present in higher plants. In this study copigmentation of anthocyanin in Seedles Red grape were investigated with chlorogenic acid copigment. The dependence of the copigmentation process on the heating, UV and copigment concentration was studied. Five levels of copigment concentrations as: 0, 120, 240, 480, 960 (mg/l) were examined. The copigmentation effect increased with copigment contain. During UV irradiation, anthocyanincopigmentation complex showed higher stabilityin comparison with anthocyanins. Also UV irradiation has the biggest effect on the copigmentation complex in comparision with heating.

Differential Transformation Method For Solving Interval Differential Equations

598-604Full Text

Bahman Ghazanfaria*and Parvin Ebrahimia

Abstract
In this paper, we present Differential Transformation Method (DTM) for solving Interval Differential Equations (IDEs). The proposed method is also illustrated by some examples. And some error comparison is made with Runge-Kutta method of order 4 (RK4).

Designing a low voltage amplifier through bulk driven technique with 0.6V supply voltage

605-609Full Text

Abdullah Ahmadi and Abdolreza Esmaeli*

Abstract
An ultra-low voltage rail-to-rail operational trans conductance amplifier (OTA) based on a standard digital 0.18µm CMOS process is described in this paper. Techniques for designing a 0.6 volt fully differential OTA are discussed including bias and reference current generator circuit. To rail-to-rail operation complementary input differential pairs are used where Bulk driven technique is used to reduce the threshold limitation of the MOSFET transistors. The OTA gain is increased by using auxiliary gain boosting amplifier and a inverting amplifier. The designed circuit was simulated by HSPICE software and 0.18 micrometer technology. This circuit is supplied with 0.6 v with a consume power of 30 microwatt and open loop gain voltage of 63 dB.

Comparison of bulk driven and sub threshold methods in designing of a typical amplifier

610-614Full Text

Abdullah Ahmadi, Sina Mohammadi, Hassan Zareand Abdolreza Esmaeli*

Abstract
Nowadays one of the most important parameters in designing analog circuits or even in the digital circuits is Reducing the consumption power of the circuit. In analog circuits, power consumption has a direct relationship with the values of circuit supply voltage and given the equation in digital circuits the power can be directly related to the square of the supply voltage value. It is therefore concluded that the reduction of power consumption of analog or digital circuits can be achieved by reducing the supply voltage. Another advantage of low supply voltage is that circuits are easy to transport because the small battery is used as the supply voltage on them. (e.g., audio devices).

The Role of Hellenism in the Development and Enhancement of Urbanization in Ancient Persia

615-618Full Text

Elham Malekzadeh

Abstract
In the sixth century BC, Persians and Greeks had been able to establish governments that were different from each other from various aspects. Their political and economic rivalries caused firstly inevitable conflicts that led to long-term war of attrition. Despite all-out wars, caused bout states sustain heavy damages, a cultural and civilization-oriented relation began to establish and that was the outcome of the cohesive civilization of both parties. This relation was so that several exiled Greek warlords preferred the court of Persia as a safe haven for themselves. Upon the collapse of both empires by Alexander of Macedonia, a new season began. Because of the victories of Alexander and its successors, Hellenism made the two cultures become closer. Meanwhile, the growth of urban development and urbanization in its Greek form changed the thoughts and lifestyle of Persians. Hellenism that affected some aspects of Persian life was not limited only to the era of Seleucid dynasty. Parthian Empire adopted the Hellenistic style mixed with Persian culture. This research aims to study the effects of Hellenism on the different aspects of Persian life, especially architecture. The questions of this research are: 1- What was the effect of Hellenistic urbanization on Persian architecture? 2- Why did the Seleucid Empire use the policy of urban development?

Efficient Automatic Text Categorization Using A Hybrid Method

619-621Full Text

Mohammad Behrouzian Nejad*, Iman Attarzadeh and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

Abstract
Automatic text categorization (ATC) is the process of classifying text documents into predefined categories based on their content. ATC are dividing into two main steps namely feature selection and learning step. In this paper we proposed a hybrid method for ATC. In the feature selection step we use from a filtering method to reduce the complexity and use from J48 in the learning step. The proposed method is a homogeneous classifier and uses from same classifiers with different sampling with replacement from the training set. For better evaluation of proposed method we compare it with single J48 and Naive Bayes classifiers. The results show that the proposed method has better performance than single classifiers.

Physical Consideration of the Water Filtration in Choghazanbil Ziggurat

622-626Full Text

R. Garshasbi and A. Motamedinassab*

Abstract
The present study basically deals with the construction of the small pond in particular and the water filtration in general in Choghazanbil which is considered the valuable memorial of Ilam civilization constructed near Susa, Khouzestan. According to the reliable views, there are two hypotheses about this small pond. 1. The existence of multiple drain pipes shows that Ilamian paid attention to the necessity of protection system and water discharging with regard to the material quality and the weather of that time 2. When the bigger pond became full of water and the water level became on the same level with the margin of its ending wall, according to the related containers rules, the water's mires will sediment. In this study, with physical considerations, the potential capability of the pond to produce high quality water is proved. According to historical states of Choghazanbil site and archeology excavations; with combining two hypotheses, the real performance of two ponds is filtering discharged surface waters.

Incentive of Journey in Holy Quran and Shahnameh Ferdowsi (With Reliance on Mythical and Epical Section of Shahnameh)

627-631Full Text

Maryam yosefipour*, Kobra Nodehi and Mohammad taher labbafghi

Abstract
Since the creatures were created, human has been eager of perfection and searching. Traveling and sightseeing always occur and have occurred in life of humans. Wherever the human lives, he starts going on tour. The traveler considers themes such as meeting, propaganda, worship, learning knowledge, establishing peace and security etc in his journey. This research has been written with library method and content analysis and its aim is to introduce goals and incentives of journey in Shahnameh with reliance on mythical and epical section and mention the similarities of journey incentives in Holy Quran. Certainly, what has occurred in traveling and sightseeing of Shahnameh is very similar to Koranic journeys and mentioning goals and incentives strengthens this theory as if Ferdowsi was affected by Quran though he was loyal to the original text while writing and composing these stories. In other words, while similarity of stories of Quran and Shahnameh about incentives of journey is wonderful, it is also ponderable and the readers can watch journey from a new and beautiful view.

Converting a Multi-Dimensional Matrix to a OneDimensional Matrix by Coding Devices

632-639Full Text

Mohammad Ali Khandan and Mehdi Delkhosh*

Abstract
In many sciences, there are multi-dimensional matrices in various dimensions. Such as, image processing , heating problems in physics and mechanics , Objects processing in radar systems , Weather Information Processing, and etc. There are storage problems when you are working with multidimensional matrices because the data volume is high . Also, using these matrices in the various algorithms is time-consuming and processing time is very high . In this paper, we will convert multidimensional matrix to a one-dimensional matrix (vector) by coding number, in order to reduce storage volume and increase the processing speed of the algorithms.

Partial Discharge Behavior in Solid Insulation

640-643Full Text

Mehdi Nafar

Abstract
Most serious failure of power apparatus is due to the insulation breakdown. Partial Discharge (PD) that damages insulation by gradual erosion is major source of insulation failure. They cause damage to the insulation of electrical equipment and often start from the enclosed voids in solid insulations. Partial Discharge (PD) is a localized dielectric breakdown of a small portion of a solid or fluid electrical insulation system under high voltage stress, which does not bridge the space between two conductors. PD can occur in gaseous, liquid or solid insulations. Partial discharges in air are visible but within solid insulation system are not visible. Accurate simulating of PD is more important for insulation study. In this paper Behavior of a discharge involving solid insulation is investigated. In this paper, PD mechanism in solid dielectric material has been modeled using EMTP software. This paper focused on the results of the partial discharges in solid dielectric with a single cavity as defect. AC source with 50Hz frequency voltage was applied to infected solid insulation. The discharge current amplitude has been registered. All discharge currents and discharge voltages occur in nano-seconds.

A Study On Concentration Of Heavy Metals (Pb, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Zn) In Liver And Muscle Tissues Of Loach Fish (Paracobitis Rhadinaea) In Sistan’s Chahnimeh reservoirs,Iran

644-649Full Text

Sahel Pakzad toochaei*, Mahin Righi, Abdolali Rahdari and Roghayeh Karami

Abstract
In this research, in order to study the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, and Fe in Loach fish (Paracobitis rhadinaea), sampling was done in Chahnime water reservoirs. Afterwards, the fish were transported to the laboratories at Hamun International Wetland Research institute for preparation and digestion in order to measure the concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals was measured using the Konic NOVAA 300 atomic absorption spectrophotometer on the basis of micrograms per gram dry weight. In the muscles, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were measured to be 10.40±075, 196.04±10.88, 3.16±0.10, 4.35±0.68, and 118.04±50.08 µg per gram dry weight respectively. In the liver, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were measured to be 35.27±16.13, 467.11±117.47, 15.15±3.69, 13.15±6.93, and 198.20±50.08 µg per gram dry weight respectively. Analysis of the acquired data showed that metal concentration pattern for liver and muscle tissues is similar and the highest concentrations were those of Fe and Zn. Concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Ni too did not show any significant difference between the two tissues. Pb, Fe, and Ni showed higher concentrations than the critical limits set by some standards (WHO and FDA) which could be stimulated by the environmental factors e.g. food, water and surrounding environment. The significant relationship between Zn concentration in liver and muscles shows its similar concentration pattern between both tissues and that changes which affect liver concentration would stimulate concentration changes in muscles too.

A review of Application of Ostrich oil in Pharmacy and Diseases treatment

650-654Full Text

Shahin Gavanji*, Behrouz Larki and Amir Hosein Taraghian

Abstract
In the recent years the number of slaughter ostriches has been increasing. Over the last decade there is a growing interest in Ratitae farming, mainly ostriches that provide dietetic meat, valuable skins as well as feathers and eggs and specially oil. Ostrich oils are used widely in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. They are apparent to have exceptional moisturizing, penetrating and therapeutic qualities for humans and animals. Ostrich oil also contains variable levels of compounds including carotenoids, flavones, polyphenols, tocopherol and phospholipids in the nontriglyceride fraction, which may present therapeutic benefits including antioxidant properties.